--- title: "Katran: Transforming Layer 4 Traffic for High-Performance Systems" description: "Katran: Transforming layer 4 traffic for high-performance systems with efficient load balancing and optimized traffic distribution solutions." image: https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/kartan-layer4.png --- - [![xenonstack-logo](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-logo-new-relase.svg)](https://www.xenonstack.com/) - - Foundry Foundry Unified reasoning foundation enabling seamless orchestration, analytics, infrastructure, and trust across intelligent ecosystems [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-revamp-header-dropdown/our-purpose-line-icon.svg) Akira AI - Reasoning and Agent Orchestration Turn models into collaborative, policy-governed agents that learn and act together](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/akira-ai/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-revamp-header-dropdown/autonomous-operations-icon.svg) ElixirData - Agentic Analytics Intelligence Explainable, decision-centric analytics for measurable business outcomes](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/elixirdata/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-revamp-header-dropdown/digital-immune-system-icon.svg) NexaStack - 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Book Strategy Call ![slider-cross-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/slider-cross-icon.svg) ## Interested in Solving your Challenges with XenonStack Team ## Get Started Get Started with your requirements and primary focus, that will help us to make your solution First Name \* Please enter a valid First Name Last Name \* Please enter a valid Last Name Business Email ID \* Please enter a valid Business Email ID Contact Number \* Please enter a valid Contact Number Company \* Please enter a valid Company Name Industry Belongs To \* Please Select your Industry Banking Fintech Payment Providers Wealth Management Discrete Manufacturing Semiconductor Machinery Manufacturing / Automation Appliances / Electrical / Electronics Elevator Manufacturing Defense & Space Manufacturing Computers & Electronics / Industrial Machinery Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Food and Beverages Distillery & Wines Beverages Shipping Logistics Mobility (EV / Public Transport) Energy & Utilities Hospitality Digital Gaming Platforms SportsTech with AI Public Safety - 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Our XenonStack Team will shortly reach out to you. We are looking forward to showcase how XenonStack can transform your business. ![usecase-banner (1)](https://www.xenonstack.com/hs-fs/hubfs/usecase-banner%20(1).webp?width=1921&height=622&name=usecase-banner%20(1).webp) [Cloud Native Applications](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/tag/cloud-native-applications) # Katran: Transforming Layer 4 Traffic for High-Performance Systems [Navdeep Singh Gill](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/author/navdeep-singh-gill) | 28 November 2024 Katran: Transforming Layer 4 Traffic for High-Performance Systems 12:39 In supercomputing, the distribution of network traffic has an overwhelming impact on a system's overall effectiveness and reliability. With increasing application usage, more traffic has to be dealt with, which becomes a more serious problem to solve. Load balancing is a method that helps achieve this objective by directing incoming traffic to a series of servers rather than allowing it to one to await processing. Out of the various load balancers, the one that Facebook has developed, named Katran, is notable as an L4 load balancer aimed at high throughput and low late delivery applications. In contrast to traditional load balancers with higher levels of the OSI model, Katran is a transport layer (TCP and UDP) load balancer that does IP port and address-based packet forwarding on its own.     This blog will examine Katran's internal and external architecture, including its application sector, significant characteristics, implementation steps, strengths and weaknesses, and the extent to which it will be relevant to modern-day distributed systems and cloud-native applications.  ## Importance of Load Balancing With the current pace of digitization, organizations are finding it difficult to manage large, complex, global or even regional systems. Whether it is a worldwide e-commerce engine processing millions of transactions in a second, a media-on-demand service that has low or no latencies, or an online multiplayer gaming system with live interactions, services provided by any institution must always be on, fast and elastic in optimizing to the demand as the traffic increases.     In this context, load balancing is very important. Load balancers, as the name suggests, take incoming network traffic and spread it over several servers, thereby improving the network's system availability by avoiding a traffic bottleneck and ensuring that the end users do not suffer high latency.  ![Katran Layer 4](https://www.xenonstack.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Katran%20%E2%80%93%20Layer%204.png?width=1920&height=1080&name=Katran%20%E2%80%93%20Layer%204.png) ## Challenges with Traditional Load Balancers  Conventional Layer 7 (L7) load balancers are classified within the application layer, and extensive inspection of the HTTP Protocol, including headers, URLs, cookies, and other application-related measures, is performed for routing purposes. They also come with additional useful features such as SSL termination and content-based routing, which may, in return, make them complex and hence cause increased computation overhead in high throughput mode. This is where Katran, as an L4 load balancer, comes as a simpler and more efficient solution.  ## Layer 4 Load Balancing  L4 load balancers, by contrast, operate at the transport layer, where traffic is routed based purely on IP addresses, ports, and protocols (TCP/UDP). In environments where deep packet inspection is not necessary, L4 load balancers like Katran excel because they can forward traffic with minimal processing, reducing latency and allowing the system to handle far more concurrent connections. For businesses dealing with high-volume traffic, where performance is paramount, L4 load balancing is ideal. Katran, in particular, is designed to handle high-performance systems with millions of packets per second while offering the scalability required to maintain high availability even in massive environments such as data centres and cloud infrastructures.  ## Features of Katran  Perspective is necessary to re-evaluate Katran, as the edge load balancer is rapidly gaining momentum. All its features explain why it is emerging as the best option for companies that need horizontally growing low latency congestion control deployment.   1. High-Performance Routing High-performance routing is one of Katran's strongest value propositions. Since it works at the transport layer, Katran is capable of processing and transmitting millions of packets in just a few milliseconds. This is necessary for geolocation games, live video conferencing, or other systems like financial exchanges since tremendous losses are incurred when these systems fail due to transport layer latencies.  1. Scalability Katran was developed with scalability in mind. Its architecture can accommodate heavy rush hours, making it suitable for systems that are high in volume and have hundreds or thousands of back-end servers. Thus, with the increasing demand for traffic, Katran can scale out in gradations to beef up the weight, allowing enterprises to expand in the vertical depth without the fear of load-balancing layer performance ringnecks.  1. Support of TCP/UDP Traffic Katran offers support for both TCP and UDP traffic. This is especially crucial for different kinds of network applications such as:  Applications that use TCP, such as web services (HTTP, HTTPS), relational databases, or file transfer services; applications such as DNS, VoIP telephone services, social games, or video-on-demand services that utilize a user datagram protocol. Such versatility is the reason why Katran can be used in various scenarios, from regular websites to more niche markets, such as online gaming and voice-over internet services.   1. Connection Persistence For the majority of the applications, session persistence is needed. Katran has such capabilities offering sticky sessions so that requests from the same client are directed to a given backend server only.   > ``` > Implementation of Katran > ``` > > Deploying Katran involves integrating it within a pre-existing network geographical layout, most often in addition to or rather than replacing commonplace L7 load balancers, and ultimately directing its traffic management capabilities. Since Katran works on Layer 4 as compared to L7, installation seems to be generally easy, only oriented on the dispersion of traffic by means of IP and port. Let us consider the procedure for deploying Katran within a network:   > > 1. **Hardware Requirement** > > When Katran is concerned, its built-in high throughput and lowest dost latency make it perfect only for powerful working Maui G4. It needs a server with relevant CPU and memory resources to process large-scale and intensive network traffic efficiently. The system is also configured with more than one network interface to enable the handling of high bandwidth without incurring any high traffic costs.  > > 1. Configuration > > Conflicting Kardan and Kiltonor can be applied from the user space, defining how traffic rules will be distributed. Such a tool enables one to:   > > - Prepare backend server pools.   > - State load balancing procedures (for example, round-robin or least connections) > - Illustrate persistence requisites (i.e. sticky sessions)  > > > > Provide health checks to backend servers so that only healthy servers are provided with traffic. The way Katran is designed gives room for configuration on routing or content policies depending on whether demand is being pumped or fairness in demand for different traffic is being restored, including for extreme events.   > > 1. Integration with Networking Infrastructure > > Linux networking components are already available to aid the deployment of Katran and extend the use of modern approaches such as [eBPF (Extended Berkeley Packet Filter)](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/ebpf-for-secure-managed-services) for fast packet processing and forwarding. This ensures that Katran can be successfully used in cloud-based systems, specifically microservices architecture, where workloads and networks are frequently changed. Even though Katran was first incorporated for internal use only by Facebook, the circumstances that led to this inclusion made it possible for K mean.  ## Advantages and Disadvantages  ### Advantages  1. **Performance:** Millions of pps kulan deliver Katran's low latency performance, making it optimal for applications requiring high performance, such as gaming, Video streaming, or financial services.     2. **Simplicity:** Katran sticks to Layer 4, avoiding Layer 7 load balancing, which includes overheads. This results in more effective traffic forwarding and less processing time.    3. **Scalability: **Katran’s architecture leans more towards horizontal standing, which makes it suitable for those applications that have or are expected to grow rapidly within a short period, as well as service traffic spikes.   4. **Flexibility:** Katran, being open source, has provisions for customization and enhancement according to the business's needs. This enables businesses to avoid remaining locked to a certain vendor and design the systems according to their needs.    5. **Cost-Effective:** Katran's open-source nature and lightweight nature, which does not entail heavy downloads, could provide a cheaper alternative to proprietary load-balancing solutions that incur licensing costs.  ### Disadvantages  1. **Limited Protocol Support:** Katran operates at the fourth layer of the OSI model. Consequently, it does not provide advanced application-layer features of L7 load balancers such as SSL termination, cookie-based load balancing, or rewriting HTTP-level headers.  2. **Complexity in Setup: **Though the structure is straightforward, the first installation and adjustment may be complicated, especially in cases where there are no committed network personnel in the organization. Making adjustments and scaling Katran to a global multi-region environment is not easy.    3. **Limited Ecosystem:** Katran is a newer technology than older providers (like HAProxy, Nginx, or AWS Elastic Load Balancer). This means less support for integrations, which may increase the difficulty level for most business organizations.    4. **Facebook-Specific Design:** Katran was developed to meet Facebook's needs, which means it was probably designed with a data centre similar to Facebook's. Such variations may lead to integration issues for companies with other infrastructural demands.  ## Future Scope of Katran  As [cloud computing](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/edge-computing-vs-cloud-computing), containerization, and microservices continue to grow in popularity, the demand for efficient, high-performance load-balancing solutions will only increase. Katran is well-positioned to expand its reach and features to meet the needs of modern, distributed systems. Some areas where Katran could evolve include:      1. **Wider Adoption in Cloud-Native Environments:** With the rise of Kubernetes, serverless computing, and microservices, Katran’s role as a high-performance L4 load balancer could become even more critical. Expect deeper integration with container orchestration systems and more out-of-the-box features for [cloud-native applications](https://www.xenonstack.com/solutions/cloud-native-applications/).   2. **Integration with [Network Function Virtualization](https://www.vmware.com/topics/network-functions-virtualization-nfv) (NFV):** As businesses adopt NFV and [Software-Defined Networking (SDN)](https://www.ibm.com/topics/sdn), Katran could be enhanced to better integrate these technologies, providing even more dynamic and flexible traffic management solutions.  3. **Increased Customization:** Expect new features for health checks, real-time monitoring, and advanced traffic analytics, allowing Katran to serve a broader range of use cases across industries.   4. **Expanded Ecosystem and Community Development:** Katran's open-source nature ensures that it will continue to evolve. Future versions could include more robust documentation, third-party plugins, integrations, and improved performance tuning.  Katran is a modern and efficient [load-balancing solution](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/guide/technology-choices/load-balancing-overview) that operates at Layer 4 and is primarily designed to handle massive amounts of traffic with almost zero latency. Its ease of use, ability to grow along with the changing business needs, and, most importantly, performance make it particularly suitable for enterprises that require distribution of traffic with high levels of throughput and low levels of latency, especially in datacentric and highly demanding situations such as cloud-native applications and gaming and video streaming services. All the advantages of Katran in terms of performance come with some disadvantages.   It is understandable that some features of the application layer, such as SSL termination and content-based routing, among others, are missing. Such features may sometimes limit the use of Katran as a last-resort solution. Katran, however, is hard to ignore when distributing traffic at the most extreme performance angles. With the ongoing development and rising popularity of Katran, it can be safely assumed that load balancers will be widely used for distributed routing in the foreseeable future.  ## Katran – Advancing Layer 4 Operations Connect with our experts to explore how Katran empowers industries and departments with Agentic Workflows and Decision Intelligence. Leverage Katran’s capabilities to optimize IT support and operations, driving automation, efficiency, and responsiveness for decision-centric organizations. [Contact Us](https://www.xenonstack.com/contact-us/) [Talk To Specialist](https://www.xenonstack.com/talk-to-specialist/) ### More Ways to Explore Us ### [cloud-native security](https://www.xenonstack.com/insights/cloud-native-security) ### [Cloud Native Storage Solutions](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/cloud-native-storage-solutions) ### [FOCUS vs Vantage: Managing Your Billing Data](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/focus-vs-vantage-managing-billing-data)   ## Share Article - [![XenonStack Facebook](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-facebook-service.svg)](http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/katran-layer-4) - [![XenonStack Twitter](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-twitter-white-updated-icon.svg)](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=I+found+this+interesting+blog+post&url=https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/katran-layer-4) - [![XenonStack Linked In](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-linkedin-service.svg)](http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/katran-layer-4) - [![XenonStack Email Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-email-service.svg)](mailto:?subject=Check%20out%20https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/katran-layer-4%20&body=Check%20out%20https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/katran-layer-4) ## Table of Contents ## Share Article - [![XenonStack Facebook](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-facebook-service.svg)](http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/katran-layer-4) - [![XenonStack Twitter](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-twitter-white-updated-icon.svg)](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=I+found+this+interesting+blog+post&url=https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/katran-layer-4) - [![XenonStack Linked In](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-linkedin-service.svg)](http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/katran-layer-4) - [![XenonStack Email Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-email-service.svg)](mailto:?subject=Check%20out%20https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/katran-layer-4%20&body=Check%20out%20https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/katran-layer-4) ## Explore Related Topics [Decision Intelligence](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/tag/decision-intelligence) [Cloud Native Applications](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/tag/cloud-native-applications) [Generative AI](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/tag/generative-ai) [Big Data Engineering](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/tag/big-data-engineering) [FinOps](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/tag/finops) [Data Foundry](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/tag/data-foundry) [XAI](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/tag/xai) [Autonomous Agents](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/tag/autonomous-agents) [MetaSecure AI](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/tag/metasecure-ai) ![navdeep-singh-gill](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/navdeep-gill-ceo-xenonstack.svg) ## Navdeep Singh Gill Global CEO and Founder of XenonStack Navdeep Singh Gill is serving as Chief Executive Officer and Product Architect at XenonStack. He holds expertise in building SaaS Platform for Decentralised Big Data management and Governance, AI Marketplace for Operationalising and Scaling. His incredible experience in AI Technologies and Big Data Engineering thrills him to write about different use cases and its approach to solutions. [Explore More by Navdeep Singh Gill ![cta-blue-arrow](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/cta-arrow-blue.svg)](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/author/navdeep-singh-gill) ![Subscribe background](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/blog-post-subscribe.svg) ## Subscribe to our Latest Technology Insights and Resources Subscribe Now ![slider-cross-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/slider-cross-icon.svg) ## Get the latest articles in your inbox Business Email ID \* Please enter a valid Business Email ID Company Name \* Please enter a valid Company Name Yes, I would like to receive the XenonStack newsletter as well as marketing emails regarding XenonStack products, services, and events. 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Subscribe Now ## Related Articles ![Digital Transformation Impact on Businesses | A Comprehensive Guide](https://www.xenonstack.com/hs-fs/hubfs/digital-transformation.png?width=1200&height=675&name=digital-transformation.png) ### [Digital Transformation Impact on Businesses | A Comprehensive Guide](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/digital-transformation) 23 August 2024 ![Cloud Native vs Cloud Agnostic | The Advanced Guide](https://www.xenonstack.com/hs-fs/hubfs/cloud-native-vs-cloud-agnostic.png?width=1200&height=675&name=cloud-native-vs-cloud-agnostic.png) ### [Cloud Native vs Cloud Agnostic | The Advanced Guide](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/cloud-native-vs-cloud-agnostic) 14 August 2024 ![Cloud Custodian for Policies Management: A Comprehensive Guide ](https://www.xenonstack.com/hs-fs/hubfs/cloud-custodian-policies-management.png?width=1200&height=675&name=cloud-custodian-policies-management.png) ### [Cloud Custodian for Policies Management: A Comprehensive Guide ](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/cloud-custodian-for-policies-management) 22 October 2024 ![xenonstack-logo](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-new-logo-release.svg) XenonStack Agentic Foundry powers enterprise agentic systems with unified infra, analytics, workflows, and security to drive automation and compliance. 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Move from dashboards to autonomous, always-on analytics - ![Connects warehouses](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/data-icon.svg)Connects to warehouses, lakes, and streaming sources - ![Question Answering](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/answers.svg)Question-answering in natural language - ![Continuous monitoring](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/monitoring-2.svg)Continuous monitoring for anomalies and KPI deviations [See in Action](https://elixirdata.co/) ![agentic-data-intelligence](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/empowerment-of-analysts.svg) ✕ ## Intelligent Diagnostic for Self-Healing System Automation Agents identify recurring failures and performance issues. They trigger workflows that resolve common problems automatically. Your infrastructure evolves into a self-healing environment - ![Diagnostics Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/diagnostic.svg)Automated diagnostics for recurring errors - ![Playbook Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/playbook.svg)Playbook execution: restart services, scale pods, clear queues - ![Feedback Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/feedback.svg)Feedback loop for improving remediation strategies [See in Action](https://agentanalyst.ai/) ![intelligent-diagnostic](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/dataops-reimagined-banner-image.svg) ✕ ## Agentic GRC - Monitoring Risk and Compliance Controls AI continuously checks controls and compliance posture. It detects misconfigurations and risks before they escalate. Evidence collection becomes automatic and audit-ready - ![Controls Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/controls.svg)Continuous control checks across infrastructure and SaaS - ![Audit Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/audit.svg)Automated evidence collection for audits - ![Risk Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/risk.svg)Risk scoring and prioritized remediation recommendations [Explore Agent GRC](https://agentgrc.ai/) ![monitoring-risk-and-compliance](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/enhanced-security-measures.svg) ✕ ## Agentic Finance and Procurement Intelligent Agents Financial and procurement workflows become proactive and insight-driven. Agents monitor spend, vendors, and contracts in real time. Approvals and sourcing decisions become faster and smarter - ![Visibility Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/visibility.svg)Real-time visibility into spend and commitments - ![Anomaly Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/anomaly.svg)Anomaly detection on invoices and vendor performance - ![Workflow Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/workflow.svg)Intelligent workflows for approvals and sourcing decisions [Optimize Finance & Procurement](https://www.xenonify.ai/) ![agentic-finance-and-procurement](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/responsible-ai-aviators-banner-illustration.svg) ```json { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "BlogPosting", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Navdeep Singh Gill", "url" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/author/navdeep-singh-gill" }, "dateModified" : "2024-11-28T12:38:46.452Z", "datePublished" : "2024-11-28T11:56:22.000Z", "headline" : "Katran: Transforming Layer 4 Traffic for High-Performance Systems", "image" : [ "https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/kartan-layer4.png" ], "mainEntityOfPage" : { "@id" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/katran-layer-4", "@type" : "WebPage" }, "publisher" : { "@type" : "Organization", "logo" : { "@type" : "ImageObject", "url" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/Xenonstack-Serives%20-3-2-2021-10.png" }, "name" : "Xenonstack Inc" } } ``` ```json { "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "Organization", "address" : { "@type" : "PostalAddress", "addressCountry" : "USA", "addressLocality" : "Plano", "addressRegion" : "Texas", "postalCode" : "75024", "streetAddress" : "7700 Windrose Ave. " }, "description" : "XenonStack is the #1 Data and AI foundry and technology services company to simplify and scale Enterprise and Generative AI Journeys.", "email" : "business@xenonstack.com", "logo" : "https://f.hubspotusercontent30.net/hubfs/8161231/Xenonstack-Serives%20-3-2-2021-10.png", "mainEntityOfPage" : { "@id" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/katran-layer-4", "@type" : "WebPage", "description" : "Katran: Transforming layer 4 traffic for high-performance systems with efficient load balancing and optimized traffic distribution solutions." }, "name" : "XenonStack", "sameAs" : [ "https://www.facebook.com/XenonStack", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/xenonstack/", "https://www.youtube.com/c/XenonStackOfficial", "https://twitter.com/xenonstack" ], "telephone" : "", "url" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/" } ``` ```json { "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "BlogPosting", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Navdeep Singh Gill" }, "dateModified" : "November 28, 2024, 12:38:46 PM", "datePublished" : "2024-11-28 11:56:22", "description" : "Katran: Transforming layer 4 traffic for high-performance systems with efficient load balancing and optimized traffic distribution solutions.", "headline" : "Katran: Transforming Layer 4 Traffic for High-Performance Systems", "image" : { "@type" : "ImageObject", "url" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/kartan-layer4.png" }, "mainEntityOfPage" : { "@id" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/katran-layer-4", "@type" : "WebPage" }, "publisher" : { "@type" : "Organization", "logo" : { "@type" : "ImageObject", "url" : "https://f.hubspotusercontent30.net/hubfs/8161231/Xenonstack-Serives%20-3-2-2021-10.png" }, "name" : "XenonStack" } } ```