--- title: "SQL vs NoSQL vs NewSQL: The Full Comparison" description: "SQL vs NoSQL vs NewSQL comparison between all the SQL databases: Which have better performance and the best solution for Big Data?" image: https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-sql-vs-nosql-vs-newsql-full-comparison.png --- - [![xenonstack-logo](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-logo-new-relase.svg)](https://www.xenonstack.com/) - - Foundry Foundry Unified reasoning foundation enabling seamless orchestration, analytics, infrastructure, and trust across intelligent ecosystems [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-revamp-header-dropdown/our-purpose-line-icon.svg) Akira AI - Reasoning and Agent Orchestration Turn models into collaborative, policy-governed agents that learn and act together](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/akira-ai/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-revamp-header-dropdown/autonomous-operations-icon.svg) ElixirData - Agentic Analytics Intelligence Explainable, decision-centric analytics for measurable business outcomes](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/elixirdata/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-revamp-header-dropdown/digital-immune-system-icon.svg) NexaStack - Agentic Infrastructure Automation Secure, compliant, and high-performance AI deployment across cloud, edge, and on-prem](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/nexastack-unified-inference/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/ai-driven-industries-hr-and-recruitment.svg) MetaSecure - Trust, Compliance, and Defense Continuous assurance with AI-BOMs, risk scoring, and agentic security](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/metasecure/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-revamp-header-dropdown/decision-intelligence-header-icon.svg) Neural AI – Agentic Intelligence & Autonomous Innovation AI agents for intelligent automation and adaptive innovation](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/neural-ai/) ### Reasoning Stack Powers intelligent systems with unified orchestration, adaptive analytics, scalable infrastructure, and built-in trust [See in action ![cta-arrow](https://www.elixirclaw.ai/hubfs/dropdown-assets/cta-arrow.svg)](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-ai/analytics-platform/) ![platfom-image](https://9471087.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/9471087/Imported%20images/build-your-next-intelligent-workflows-banner-image.svg) - AI Agents AI Agents Pre-built autonomous agents designed for domain-specific intelligence, seamless integrations, and governed enterprise deployment By Domain [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/adaptive-ai-enterprise-operational-analytics.svg) Agentic Operations AgentSRE and AgentOps for automated reliability and IT operations](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/agentic-operations/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/industries-fintech.svg) Agentic Finance FinOps Agent and Budget Enforcer for optimized financial governance](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/agentic-finance/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/case-study-icon.svg) Agentic Risk and Compliance Audit Agent and Risk Assurance to automate compliance monitoring](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/agentic-risk-compliance/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/discover-digital-experience-platform.svg) Agentic Analytics Analyst Agent and Decision Advisor for AI-driven insights and strategy](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/agentic-analytics/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-revamp-header-dropdown/developer-experience-icon.svg) Agentic Supply Chain AI-powered advisor for smart sourcing, vendor insights, and strategic procurement](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/agentic-procurement/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/discover-serverless-application-development.svg) Agentic Security AI-driven defense delivering proactive threat detection and autonomous security orchestration](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/agentic-security/) By Integration [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/decision-intelligence-metaverse.svg) Snowflake AI Agents Pre-built connectors for real-time data intelligence on Snowflake](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/snowflake-ai-agents/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/optimize-cloud-migration.svg) Databricks AI Agents AI agents for automated data workflows and insights on Databricks](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/databricks-ai-agents/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/optimize-application-modernization.svg) ServiceNow AI Agents AI workflows to streamline service, incident, and operations automation](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/servicenow-ai-agents/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/cloud-native-devsecops.svg) Jira/Project Management Agents AI agents for backlog grooming, sprint planning, and real-time project visibility](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/jira-agents-actions/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/discover-digital-experience-platform.svg) SAP AI Agents AI copilots for finance, supply chain, and HR decisions across your SAP landscape](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/sap-agents-actions/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/ai-driven-industries-hr-and-recruitment.svg) Oracle AI Agents AI agents for financials, risk, and operations intelligence across Oracle applications](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/oracle-agents-actions/) - Solutions Solutions Governed AI solutions driving measurable business outcomes across operations, finance, security, and analytics [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/cloud-native-devops.svg) ReliabilityOps — Cloud Reliability Automation Automate reliability checks and optimize uptime with continuous reasoning](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/cloudops-reimagined/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/cloud-native-kubernetes.svg) IncidentOps — AI-Driven Site Reliability Resolve incidents faster with AI-led triage, contextual RCA, and adaptive recovery](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/sre-reimagined/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/discover-custom-software-development.svg) PlatformOps — Unified Platform Automation Unify infrastructure and AI systems with reasoning-driven automation and compliance](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/platformops-reimagined/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/decision-intelligence-customer-analytics.svg) DefenseOps — Autonomous Threat Defense Detect, analyze, and neutralize threats autonomously with adaptive defense intelligence](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/responsible-ai-aviator/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/optimize-business-intelligence.svg) TrustOps — Responsible AI and Continuous Governance Ensure transparency, fairness, and compliance in every AI system and decision](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/secops-reimagined/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/ai-driven-industries-manufacturing.svg) RiskOps — Predictive Risk Intelligence Predict, score, and mitigate risks proactively with real-time assurance intelligence](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/risk-management-aviator/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/adaptive-ai-explainable-ai.svg) FactoryOps — AI-Driven Industrial Automation Predict equipment failures and optimize production with adaptive intelligence](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/industrial-automation-reimagined/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/adaptive-ai-enterprise-operational-analytics.svg) AssetOps — Automated Asset Reliability Enable predictive maintenance and optimize lifecycle performance continuously](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/asset-operations-and-maintenance-reimagined/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/ai-driven-industries-infrastructure%20.svg) QualityOps — Continuous Testing Intelligence Accelerate testing cycles with autonomous validation and reasoning feedback](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/qaops-reimagined/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/industries-insurance.svg) SourcingOps — Intelligent Procurement Automate sourcing, vendor analysis, and spend insights for agile procurement](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/procurement-reimagined/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/decision-intelligence-augmented-data-management.svg) DataOps — Autonomous Data Pipeline Governance Ensure reliability, detect anomalies, and self-heal data pipelines automatically](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/dataops-reimagined/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/decision-intelligence-metaverse.svg) DecisionOps — Intelligent Decisioning Deliver explainable, auditable, and measurable outcomes with reasoning AI](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/desicison-reimagined/) - Industries Industries Industry blueprints showcasing agentic transformation, real-world impact, and measurable outcomes across key sectors [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/adaptive-ai-computer-vision.svg) Aerospace and Defense Autonomous flight systems and predictive maintenance powered by AI](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/aerospace/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/industries-fintech.svg) Banking - Finance - Payments AI governance for secure, compliant, and adaptive financial operations](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/banking/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/industries-retail.svg) Manufacturing and Industrial Automation Smart factories using reasoning systems for real-time quality optimization](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/digital-manufacturing-services/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/optimize-cloud-infrastrcuture.svg) Enterprise - IT Operations AI-powered IT operations ensuring reliability, scalability, and cost efficiency](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/enterprise-technology/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/xs-scale-clients-and-partners.svg) Consumer – Experience – Tech Personalized digital experiences driven by explainable and trusted AI](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/consumer-technology/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/discover-platform-engineering.svg) Retail and Supply Chain Autonomous retail analytics enhancing operations, engagement, and forecasting accuracy](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/retail/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/industries-healthcare.svg) Travel – Hospitality – Guest Experience Agentic systems delivering personalized guest journeys with contextual intelligence](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/travel-hospitality/) - Resources Resources Explore insights, success stories, and learning programs that build knowledge and strengthen the AI transformation journey [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/xs-scale-xenonstack-university.svg) Blogs Stay updated with the latest industry trends, news, and thought leadership](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/insights.svg) Insights Explore in-depth AI articles, use cases, and innovative applications](https://www.xenonstack.com/insights) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/use-case.svg) Use Cases Discover real-world applications of Agentic AI across industries](https://www.xenonstack.com/use-cases) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/scale-cloud-native-applications.svg) Case Studies Learn how organizations are achieving success with our solutions](https://xenonstack.com/case-studies) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/video.svg) Video Library Explore our collection of product demos, webinars, and AI thought leadership videos](https://www.xenonstack.com/videos/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/ebook.svg) E-Books Download comprehensive e-books on AI, SRE, and more](https://www.xenonstack.com/e-book) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/presentation.svg) Presentations View our AI presentations, talks, and conference sessions on AI innovation](https://www.xenonstack.com/presentations/) - Company Company Discover our people, principles, and purpose driving innovation, trust, and meaningful careers in the AI era [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/xs-journey-about-us.svg) About Us Discover our mission, story, and the values driving our innovation and impact](https://www.xenonstack.com/about-us/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/xs-scale-xenonstack-university.svg) Xenonstack Academy Enhance your skills with our comprehensive training programs and courses designed for modern tech professionals](https://www.xenonstack.com/xenonstack-academy/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/xs-scale-clients-and-partners.svg) Contact Us Get in touch with us for support, business inquiries, or collaboration opportunities](https://www.xenonstack.com/contact-us/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/ai-driven-industries-public-safety.svg) Leadership Team Meet the visionary leaders guiding Xenonstack’s strategic direction and innovation](https://www.xenonstack.com/about-us/leadership-team/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/adaptive-ai-enterprise-knowledge-graph.svg) Tao of Xenonstack Learn about the guiding principles and philosophies that shape our culture and solutions](https://www.xenonstack.com/about-us/tao-of-xenonstack/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/xs-journey-how-we-work.svg) How We Work Understand our collaborative approach and work culture that drive successful outcomes](https://www.xenonstack.com/about-us/how-we-work/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/xs-journey-how-we-grow.svg) How We Grow Explore how we nurture talent, foster innovation, and promote sustainable growth](https://www.xenonstack.com/about-us/how-we-grow/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-header-dropdown/xs-journey-our-purpose.svg) Careers Join our growing team! Explore career opportunities to work at the forefront of innovation](https://www.xenonstack.com/careers/) - Get Started [![xenonstack-logo](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-logo-new-relase.svg)](https://www.xenonstack.com/) - Foundry ![dropdown-icon](https://www.elixirclaw.ai/hubfs/dropdown-assets/dropdown-icon.svg) [Akira AI](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/akira-ai/) [ElixirData](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/elixirdata/) [NexaStack](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/nexastack-unified-inference/) [MetaSecure](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/metasecure/) [Neural AI](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/neural-ai/) - AI Agents ![dropdown-icon](https://www.elixirclaw.ai/hubfs/dropdown-assets/dropdown-icon.svg) [Agentic Operations](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/agentic-operations/) [Agentic Finance](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/agentic-finance/) [Agentic Risk and Compliance](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/agentic-risk-compliance/) [Agentic Analytics](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/agentic-analytics/) [Agentic Supply Chain](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/agentic-procurement/) [Agentic Security](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/agentic-security/) [Snowflake AI Agents](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/snowflake-ai-agents/) [Databricks AI Agents](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/databricks-ai-agents/) [ServiceNow AI Agents](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/servicenow-ai-agents/) [Jira/Project Management Agents](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/jira-agents-actions/) [SAP AI Agents](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/sap-agents-actions/) [Oracle AI Agents](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/oracle-agents-actions/) - Solutions ![dropdown-icon](https://www.elixirclaw.ai/hubfs/dropdown-assets/dropdown-icon.svg) [ReliabilityOps](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/cloudops-reimagined/) [IncidentOps](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/sre-reimagined/) [PlatformOps](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/platformops-reimagined/) [DefenseOps](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/responsible-ai-aviator/) [TrustOps](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/secops-reimagined/) [RiskOps](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/risk-management-aviator/) [FactoryOps](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/industrial-automation-reimagined/) [AssetOps](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/asset-operations-and-maintenance-reimagined/) [QualityOps](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/qaops-reimagined/) [SourcingOps](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/procurement-reimagined/) [DataOps](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/dataops-reimagined/) [DecisionOps](https://www.xenonstack.com/ai-agents/desicison-reimagined/) - Industries ![dropdown-icon](https://www.elixirclaw.ai/hubfs/dropdown-assets/dropdown-icon.svg) [Aerospace and Defense](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/aerospace/) [Banking - Finance - Payments](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/banking/) [Manufacturing and Industrial Automation](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/digital-manufacturing-services/) [Enterprise - IT Operations](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/enterprise-technology/) [Consumer – Experience – Tech](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/consumer-technology/) [Retail and Supply Chain](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/retail/) [Travel – Hospitality – Guest Experience](https://www.xenonstack.com/industries/travel-hospitality/) - Resources ![dropdown-icon](https://www.elixirclaw.ai/hubfs/dropdown-assets/dropdown-icon.svg) [Blogs](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog) [Insights](https://www.xenonstack.com/insights) [Use Cases](https://www.xenonstack.com/use-cases) [Case Studies](https://www.xenonstack.com/case-studies) [Video Library](https://www.xenonstack.com/videos/) [E-Books](https://www.xenonstack.com/e-book) [Presentations](https://www.xenonstack.com/presentations/) - Company ![dropdown-icon](https://www.elixirclaw.ai/hubfs/dropdown-assets/dropdown-icon.svg) [About Us](https://www.xenonstack.com/about-us/) [Xenonstack Academy](https://www.xenonstack.com/xenonstack-academy/) [Contact Us](https://www.xenonstack.com/contact-us/) [Leadership Team](https://www.xenonstack.com/about-us/leadership-team/) [Tao of Xenonstack](https://www.xenonstack.com/about-us/tao-of-xenonstack/) [How We Work](https://www.xenonstack.com/about-us/how-we-work/) [How We Grow](https://www.xenonstack.com/about-us/how-we-grow/) [Careers](https://www.xenonstack.com/careers/) - Get Started ![Close](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/slider-cross-icon.svg) ## Interested in Solving your Challenges with XenonStack Team ## Get Started Get Started with your requirements and primary focus, that will help us to make your solution First Name \* Please enter a valid First Name Last Name \* Please enter a valid Last Name Business Email ID \* Please enter a valid business email address Contact Number \* Please enter a valid Contact Number Company Website \* Please enter a valid Company Website URL LinkedIn URL \* Please enter a valid LinkedIn URL or N/A Leave this field empty Industry Belongs To \* Please Select your Industry Banking Fintech Payment Providers Wealth Management Discrete Manufacturing Semiconductor Machinery Manufacturing / Automation Appliances / Electrical / Electronics Elevator Manufacturing Defense & Space Manufacturing Computers & Electronics / Industrial Machinery Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Food and Beverages Distillery & Wines Beverages Shipping Logistics Mobility (EV / Public Transport) Energy & Utilities Hospitality Digital Gaming Platforms SportsTech with AI Public Safety - 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Proceed Next ## Interested in Solving your Challenges with XenonStack ## Personalization Get Started with your requirements and primary focus, that will help us to make your solution ### What is your Key focus areas? \* AI Workflow and Operations Data Management and Operations AI Governance Analytics and Insights Observability Security Operations Risk and Compliance Procurement and Supply Chain Private Cloud AI Vision AI ### In Which Agentic Platform and Accelerator you are Interested? \* Akira AI - Agentic AI Platform Multi Agent System Metasecure - Autonomous SOC Nexastack – Build and Managed Compound AI Stack Data Foundry XAI – Vision and AI Platform – Visual AI Agents Strategy Consulting AI Managed Services Others (Please Specify) ### Which segment does your company belong to? \* Startup Scale Startup SME Mid Enterprises Large Enterprises Federal Government Non Profits Others (Please Specify) ### At what stage is your AI use case currently in? \* Conceptualized: Use case defined, PoC pending POC Completed In Production with challenges Not yet defined Others (Please Specify) ### What are the primary challenges in adopting AI? \* Data Quality Issues Data Privacy and Compliance Aligning AI with business goals Unclear ROI from POCs Integration with existing ERP systems Scalability Challenges Moving POCs in Production Infrastructure Limitation High Implementation costs Others (Please Specify) ### What kind of infrastructure does your organization currently using? \* AWS Microsoft Azure GCP IBM Cloud Oracle Cloud On Premises Others (Please Specify) ### Are you using any Data platform? \* Databricks SnowFlake Amazon Redshift Azure Synapse Analytics Microsoft Fabric Teradata Oracle Database SAP Hana Informatica Google Cloud BigQuery Others (Please Specify) ### Preferred Approach for AI Transformation \* Assisted Intelligence Agents as Co-Pilot Collaborative Intelligence Agents as AI Teammates Autonomous Intelligence Agents – AI Agents Agentic Actions Agentic Process Automation ### In Which Domain your Solution/Organization belongs to in-terms of Data Privacy, Trustworthy AI \* Internal Organization Highly Regulated Industry (Healthcare, Financials etc) Medium Regulated Non Regulated ### Captcha Verification \* captcha text ![Refresh Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hs-fs/hubfs/refresh.png?width=20&height=20&name=refresh.png) Please select all the required fields Review Previous Submit ![green-checkmark](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/green-checkmark.svg) ## your request has been submitted successfully ! Our XenonStack Team will shortly reach out to you. We are looking forward to showcase how XenonStack can transform your business. ![usecase-banner (1)](https://www.xenonstack.com/hs-fs/hubfs/usecase-banner%20(1).webp?width=1921&height=622&name=usecase-banner%20(1).webp) [Serverless](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/tag/serverless) # SQL vs NoSQL vs NewSQL: The Full Comparison [Navdeep Singh Gill](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/author/navdeep-singh-gill) | 16 December 2024 SQL vs NoSQL vs NewSQL: The Full Comparison 13:54 ## Overview of SQL vs. NoSQL vs. NewSQL These are the types of databases, and in the upcoming paragraph, you will understand each of them. SQL Databases can also be termed [Relational Database management Systems](https://www.gartner.com/en/information-technology/glossary/rdbms-relational-database-management-system), also known as RDBMS, a classical approach to storing and operating historical data. In such a system, the information follows a structured approach utilizing tables or relations.   With the advent of [Big Data](https://www.xenonstack.com/insights/what-is-big-data), the structured approach fails miserably to cater to the needs of the humongous information processing that tends to be unstructured. Over time, SQL has undergone many iterations to support the vast data processing and pipelines. However, answering big data systems that expect a quick response and supreme scalability is still inefficient. --- > NewSQL is a term that’s used to describe product offerings that support the relational data model while delivering the same scalable performance of NoSQL database systems. Source: [A NewSQL Database For Enterprises](https://www.forbes.com/sites/janakirammsv/2017/02/14/google-launches-cloud-spanner-a-newsql-database-for-enterprises/?sh=2f3ccb9a1b67) --- A new approach known as NoSQL was introduced to work around the limitations imposed by the former. Its system was designed to provide fast scalability when dealing with unstructured data platforms or handling Big Data applications. Its databases use a key-value pair, Documents, graph databases, or wide–column stores without a typical schema. It is also horizontally scalable as opposed to only vertical scaling in [RDBMS](https://www.gartner.com/en/information-technology/glossary/rdbms-relational-database-management-system).   It showed great promise as an ideal database system for Big Data applications, but like anything else, it fell short due to some major drawbacks, as discussed below. This is where NewSQL came alive. NewSQL is the latest development in the world of database systems. NewSQL is a relational database with the scalable properties of it. --- ## What is SQL Relational Database? The term SQL is both a language and a type of database. It stood for structured query language and pioneered [database design](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/data-warehouse-and-database-design/) philosophy. Since the mid-’80s, it has been a standard for managing and querying relational datasets; however, the early beginnings of the relational model can be dated back to the ’60s and ’70s when the urgent need to distinguish between the [application data](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/samples/microsoft/windows-universal-samples/applicationdata/) and application code emerged, allowing the developers to focus on other aspects of the program development such as access to and manipulation of data at hand.   IBM’s IMS was the first fully functional relational database designed for a different purpose to organize data for the Apollo space exploration program. The relational database is a collection of time-varying, normalized relations of assorted degrees. The following intuitive correspondence can be made. - A relation is a file. - Each file contains only one record type - The records have no particular order - Every field has a single-value - The records have a unique identifying field, or composite field, called the primary key field. ### What are the Concepts of SQL Relational Databases? The concepts of SQL Relational Databases are below: ### ACID Atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability are needed to maintain the reliability of transactions. 1. **Atomicity** – completion of the transaction as a whole or none at all 2. **Consistency** – assures the stable state of the database with or without changes 3. **Isolation** – multiple transactions do not interfere with each other 4. **Durability** – permanent effect on the database by the changes ### Normalization A process of designing efficient databases - **1NF** – Split the table by separating repeating and nonrepeating attributes. All domains are simple, and all elements are atomic - **2NF** – Remove partial dependency between attributes. No attribute should functionally depend on one part of an aggregated primary key. - **3NF** – Remove transitive dependency between table attributes. No prime attribute is functionally dependent on the non-prime attribute. ### Scalability The capability of the database to handle growing amounts of data. Vertical scaling helps to enhance the existing capacity of the database server. Most SQL databases support vertical scaling. They can, however, scale up, not scale out. ### Domains A domain is a named set of scalar values, all of the same type. They help to impose semantic constraints. Rely on traditional features and utilize a defined data schema. Support JOIN functionality, engineered for data integrity --- > Not-only-SQL are the databases that let the developers store/manage unstructured data and perform complex analytical operations on it. Source: [Overview of NoSQL Databases](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/nosql-databases/) --- ### What are the Drawbacks? Although RDBMS provides exclusive features, it suffers greatly from some major drawbacks. #### The Rigidity of Data Modeling One of the relational database's biggest limitations is the rigidity of organizing the data into a particular structure in tables and relations. Since all the data cannot be conveniently fitted into tables, this approach can’t be applied to all-natural data and stored as trees and graphs. However, RDBMS works around this limitation by modeling this data in a normalized manner with parent-child relations, which is still insufficient. #### Diversity The complexity of the data also creates a limitation in the relational database. These databases are made to organize the data by common characteristics. Complex numbers, images, and multimedia data are hard to store, access, and process. #### Inefficient Usage of Space When defining the relation schema, we define the attributes' size. Not all the records have data that uses the full space; some have a short length. Every record needn’t necessarily fit into the given data type, again resulting in space wastage. #### Heavy Weight Changes Any changes required for one record must be applied to all records, resulting in a heavyweight change. The changes can be expensive and infeasible depending on the size and number of records present. Thus, it was challenging to change the schema of an existing database. #### Inefficient for Big Data SQL is not suitable for volume, velocity, and variety of data, rendering it highly inefficient for a cloud-based application --- ## What is NoSQL? These problems became the impetus for the NoSQL movement in the mid-to-late 2000s. The key working strategy is to forgo strong transactional guarantees and relational models of DBMS in favour of eventual consistency and alternative data models like key-value pairs and graphs.   This was done following the belief that these aspects of existing DBMSs inhibit their ability to scale out and achieve the high availability needed to support web apps on the go. The two most well-known systems that followed the creed were Google’s BigTable and Amazon’s [Dynamo,](https://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2007/10/amazons_dynamo.html) which were restricted to use inside their organizations, leading to organizations creating their open-source clones like Facebook’s Cassandra and Powerset’s [HBase](https://www.xenonstack.com/insights/apache-hbase/?__hstc=45788219.c136fa656718649eb609dec77413cfcc.1728634908212.1728634908212.1728634908212.1&__hssc=45788219.1.1728634908212&__hsfp=2401958220). By the end of the 2000s, a diverse set of scalable and affordable DBMS existed. ### What are the Concepts of NoSQL? The concepts are listed below: #### Lack of schema Support for structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. No specific schema must be defined before data is entered into its databases. New fields can be added, and it also supports nested data implementation and retrieval. Developers can use data type and query options requisite for the specific application, resulting in faster development. Faster development time is considerably reduced due to the absence of complex SQL queries or join statements. #### Auto Balancing Data is divided among multiple servers automatically, with no assistance required from applications. #### Integrated Caching Its database caches data in system memory to increase data throughput and performance in advance. With a simple data model and query language, it offers high scalability and reliability. #### The BASE Principle For Transaction The base is to NoSql as what ACID is to SQL. It ensures that NoSQL databases are reliable despite the loss of consistency. The base stands for Basically Available Soft-state, Eventually consistent. Eventually consistent – The system can become consistent, and information is updated wherever necessary. --- > Big Data Architecture helps design the Data Pipeline with the various requirements of the Batch and Stream Processing System. Source: [Big Data Architecture](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/big-data-architecture/) ### What are the drawbacks? The drawbacks of NoSQL are listed below: #### Lack of Consistency Since these systems prefer availability over consistency, they fail miserably when consistency is the most important thing in financial transactions. The non-synchronization of data nodes risks system failure. #### Lack of Analytics For analytics, you require a relational model to process the data, which means the whole database needs to be converted using some relational model. This leads to increased cost overhead. #### Lack of Standardization No specific language #### Security Doesn’t provide security at the elemental level of data. #### Transactional Nature It is important to facilitate [fraud detection](https://www.xenonstack.com/use-cases/credit-fraud-detection/) before completing the transaction and check for balance while on a call. NoSQL fails when the database needs to compete against high-volume transactions per day, as these require a highly scalable, consistent database. --- ## What is NewSQL? The early counter-measures to the above approaches were a powerful single-node machine that can handle all the transactions and a custom-built middleware system to distribute queries over traditional DBMS nodes. But both of them are prohibitively expensive to carry out. As a result, there was a need for an intermediate database system that combines NoSQL systems' distributed architectures with multiple node concurrency and a whole new storage mechanism.   Thus Newsql can be defined as a class of modern relational DBMSs that seek to provide the same scalable performance of NoSQL for [OLTP](https://www.ibm.com/topics/oltp) workloads and simultaneously guarantee ACID compliance for transactions as in RDBMS. In other words, these systems want to achieve NoSQL's scalability without discarding the relational model with SQL and the legacy DBMS transaction support. ### Concepts of NewSQL - Main Memory storage of OLTP databases enables in-memory computations of databases. - Scaling out by splitting a database into disjoint subsets called partitions or shards involves executing a query into multiple partitions and then combining them into a single result. - Its systems preserve the ACID properties of databases. - Enhanced concurrency control system benefits traditional ones. - The presence of a secondary index allows it to support faster query processing times. - High availability and Strong data durability are only possible with replication mechanisms. - Configure its systems to provide synchronous updates of data over the WAN. - It minimizes downtime and provides fault tolerance with its crash recovery mechanism. --- ## What is the difference Between SQL, NoSQL, and NewSQL? | **Feature** | **SQL** | **NoSQL** | **NewSQL** | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Relational Property | Yes, it follows relational modelling to a large extent. | No, it doesn't follow a relational model. It was designed to be entirely different from that. | Yes, since the relational model is equally essential for real-time analytics. | | ACID | Yes, ACID properties are fundamental to their application | No, rather provides for CAP support | Yes, Acid properties are taken care of. | | SQL | Support for SQL | No support for old SQL | Yes, proper support and even enhanced functionalities for Old SQL | | OLTP | Inefficient for OLTP databases. | It supports such databases, but it is not the best suited. | Fully functionally supports OLTP databases and is highly efficient | | Scaling | Vertical scaling | Only Vertical scaling | Vertical + Horizontal scaling | | Query Handling | Can handle simple queries with ease and fails when they get complex | Better than SQL for processing complex queries | Highly efficient in processing complex queries and smaller queries. | | Distributed Databases | No | Yes | Yes | --- --- ## SQL, NoSQL, or NewSQL – Which is the Best Solution to Big Data? SQL complies with ACID properties and does well with vertical scalability, while NoSQL offers its horizontal scaling and provides for BASE properties. However, NoSQL does not play by the ACID rules necessary to maintain a reliable and consistent database. Fast-paced enterprises and organizations generate terabytes of transactional data daily while working in an OLTP system. NewSQL is the ideal choice.   NewSQL improves upon SQL by providing horizontal scalability while maintaining ACID properties. This facilitates working with Big Data by implementing concurrency. It also does well with ACID compliance. Thus, NewSQL seems to have found the sweet spot between speed, scalability, consistency, and availability. Even though it is still nascent, NewSQL ticks all the right boxes to be an ideal database for Big Data and OLTP applications. You can also explore the difference between [Virlet and Kubevirt](https://www.xenonstack.com/insights/kubernetes-virtualization/) in this blog. --- ## **How Can XenonStack Help You?** With XenonStack [Database Managed Services](https://www.xenonstack.com/managed-services/), you get 24×7 access to our DBAs, architects, and engineers to handle day-to-day activities. XenonStack Database Managed Services offers Database Monitoring, Incident Management, DB Performance Tuning, Backup/Recovery Management, Database Security Management, Database Security Audits, and more.  > - Discover more about [Database Testing Types](https://www.xenonstack.com/insights/what-is-database-testing) > - Explore here [Data Warehouse Database Design](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/data-warehouse-and-database-design) ## Next Steps in SQL vs NoSQL vs NewSQL Talk to our experts about implementing compound AI systems and how industries and departments use Decision Intelligence to become decision-centric. Discover how AI automates and optimizes IT support and operations, enhancing efficiency and responsiveness while also exploring SQL vs NoSQL vs NewSQL content. 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[Privacy Policy](https://www.xenonstack.com/privacy-policy/) [Terms and Conditions](https://www.xenonstack.com/terms-and-conditions/) Global Presence : ![india-flag-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/united-states.svg) USA ![india-flag-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/uae-flag-icon.svg) Dubai ![india-flag-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/india-flag-icon.svg) India ![india-flag-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/united-kingdom.svg) UK ![india-flag-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/australia-flag-icon.svg) Australia ✕ ## Agent SRE for Reliability and Observability Solutions AI continuously monitors systems for risks before they escalate. It correlates signals across logs, metrics, and traces. This ensures faster detection, fewer incidents, and stronger reliability - ![Performance Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/performance.svg)Proactive detection of performance and availability issues - ![Root Cause Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/root-cause.svg)Root-cause analysis across microservices and environments - ![Remediation Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/remediation.svg)Automated remediation playbooks to reduce MTTR [Explore Agent SRE](https://agentsre.ai/) ![akira-ai-banner-illustration](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/akira-ai-banner-illustration.svg) ✕ ## Physical Surveillance with Vision AI Agent Technology AI converts camera feeds into instant situational awareness. It detects unusual motion and unsafe behavior in real time. Long hours of video become searchable and summarized instantly - ![Motion Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/motion.svg)Real-time detection of suspicious motion or intrusion - ![Video Search Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/video-search.svg)Natural language video search and instant playback - ![Summary Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/summary.svg)Smart summaries for audits, investigations, and compliance [See Vision AI in Action](https://www.xenonstack.ai/) ![physical-surveillance](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xai-banner-image.svg) ✕ ## Agentic Data Intelligence Across Your Full Data Stack Your data stack becomes intelligent and conversational. Agents surface insights, detect anomalies, and explain trends. Move from dashboards to autonomous, always-on analytics - ![Connects warehouses](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/data-icon.svg)Connects to warehouses, lakes, and streaming sources - ![Question Answering](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/answers.svg)Question-answering in natural language - ![Continuous monitoring](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/monitoring-2.svg)Continuous monitoring for anomalies and KPI deviations [See in Action](https://elixirdata.co/) ![agentic-data-intelligence](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/empowerment-of-analysts.svg) ✕ ## Intelligent Diagnostic for Self-Healing System Automation Agents identify recurring failures and performance issues. They trigger workflows that resolve common problems automatically. Your infrastructure evolves into a self-healing environment - ![Diagnostics Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/diagnostic.svg)Automated diagnostics for recurring errors - ![Playbook Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/playbook.svg)Playbook execution: restart services, scale pods, clear queues - ![Feedback Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/feedback.svg)Feedback loop for improving remediation strategies [See in Action](https://agentanalyst.ai/) ![intelligent-diagnostic](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/dataops-reimagined-banner-image.svg) ✕ ## Agentic GRC - Monitoring Risk and Compliance Controls AI continuously checks controls and compliance posture. It detects misconfigurations and risks before they escalate. Evidence collection becomes automatic and audit-ready - ![Controls Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/controls.svg)Continuous control checks across infrastructure and SaaS - ![Audit Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/audit.svg)Automated evidence collection for audits - ![Risk Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/risk.svg)Risk scoring and prioritized remediation recommendations [Explore Agent GRC](https://agentgrc.ai/) ![monitoring-risk-and-compliance](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/enhanced-security-measures.svg) ✕ ## Agentic Finance and Procurement Intelligent Agents Financial and procurement workflows become proactive and insight-driven. Agents monitor spend, vendors, and contracts in real time. Approvals and sourcing decisions become faster and smarter - ![Visibility Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/visibility.svg)Real-time visibility into spend and commitments - ![Anomaly Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/anomaly.svg)Anomaly detection on invoices and vendor performance - ![Workflow Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/workflow.svg)Intelligent workflows for approvals and sourcing decisions [Optimize Finance & Procurement](https://www.xenonify.ai/) ![agentic-finance-and-procurement](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/responsible-ai-aviators-banner-illustration.svg) ```json { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "BlogPosting", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Navdeep Singh Gill", "url" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/author/navdeep-singh-gill" }, "dateModified" : "2024-12-16T13:26:23.440Z", "datePublished" : "2022-08-29T04:00:00.000Z", "headline" : "SQL vs NoSQL vs NewSQL: The Full Comparison", "image" : [ "https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-sql-vs-nosql-vs-newsql-full-comparison.png" ], "mainEntityOfPage" : { "@id" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/sql-vs-nosql-vs-newsql", "@type" : "WebPage" }, "publisher" : { "@type" : "Organization", "logo" : { "@type" : "ImageObject", "url" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/Xenonstack-Serives%20-3-2-2021-10.png" }, "name" : "Xenonstack Inc" } } ``` ```json { "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "Organization", "address" : { "@type" : "PostalAddress", "addressCountry" : "USA", "addressLocality" : "Plano", "addressRegion" : "Texas", "postalCode" : "75024", "streetAddress" : "7700 Windrose Ave. " }, "description" : "XenonStack is the #1 Data and AI foundry and technology services company to simplify and scale Enterprise and Generative AI Journeys.", "email" : "business@xenonstack.com", "logo" : "https://f.hubspotusercontent30.net/hubfs/8161231/Xenonstack-Serives%20-3-2-2021-10.png", "mainEntityOfPage" : { "@id" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/sql-vs-nosql-vs-newsql", "@type" : "WebPage", "description" : "SQL vs NoSQL vs NewSQL comparison between all the SQL databases: Which have better performance and the best solution for Big Data?" }, "name" : "XenonStack", "sameAs" : [ "https://www.facebook.com/XenonStack", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/xenonstack/", "https://www.youtube.com/c/XenonStackOfficial", "https://twitter.com/xenonstack" ], "telephone" : "", "url" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/" } ``` ```json { "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "BlogPosting", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Navdeep Singh Gill" }, "dateModified" : "December 16, 2024, 1:26:23 PM", "datePublished" : "2022-08-29 04:00:00", "description" : "SQL vs NoSQL vs NewSQL comparison between all the SQL databases: Which have better performance and the best solution for Big Data?", "headline" : "SQL vs NoSQL vs NewSQL: The Full Comparison", "image" : { "@type" : "ImageObject", "url" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-sql-vs-nosql-vs-newsql-full-comparison.png" }, "mainEntityOfPage" : { "@id" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/sql-vs-nosql-vs-newsql", "@type" : "WebPage" }, "publisher" : { "@type" : "Organization", "logo" : { "@type" : "ImageObject", "url" : "https://f.hubspotusercontent30.net/hubfs/8161231/Xenonstack-Serives%20-3-2-2021-10.png" }, "name" : "XenonStack" } } ```