--- title: Google Protocol Buffer - Serializing Structured Data description: Google Protocol buffers serializes structured data. Read Overview | Usage | Performance Benchmarks | Working | Limitation and more. image: https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/google-protocol-buffers-xenonstack.png --- - [![xenonstack-logo](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xenonstack-logo-new-relase.svg)](https://www.xenonstack.com/) - - Foundry Foundry Unified reasoning foundation enabling seamless orchestration, analytics, infrastructure, and trust across intelligent ecosystems [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-revamp-header-dropdown/our-purpose-line-icon.svg) Akira AI - Reasoning and Agent Orchestration Turn models into collaborative, policy-governed agents that learn and act together](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/akira-ai/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-revamp-header-dropdown/autonomous-operations-icon.svg) ElixirData - Agentic Analytics Intelligence Explainable, decision-centric analytics for measurable business outcomes](https://www.xenonstack.com/agentic-platforms/elixirdata/) [![pointers-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/xs-revamp-header-dropdown/digital-immune-system-icon.svg) NexaStack - 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Get Started ![slider-cross-icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/slider-cross-icon.svg) ## Interested in Solving your Challenges with XenonStack Team ## Get Started Get Started with your requirements and primary focus, that will help us to make your solution First Name \* Please enter a valid First Name Last Name \* Please enter a valid Last Name Business Email ID \* Please enter a valid Business Email ID Contact Number \* Please enter a valid Contact Number Company \* Please enter a valid Company Name Industry Belongs To \* Please Select your Industry Banking Fintech Payment Providers Wealth Management Discrete Manufacturing Semiconductor Machinery Manufacturing / Automation Appliances / Electrical / Electronics Elevator Manufacturing Defense & Space Manufacturing Computers & Electronics / Industrial Machinery Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Food and Beverages Distillery & Wines Beverages Shipping Logistics Mobility (EV / Public Transport) Energy & Utilities Hospitality Digital Gaming Platforms SportsTech with AI Public Safety - 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Our XenonStack Team will shortly reach out to you. We are looking forward to showcase how XenonStack can transform your business. ![usecase-banner (1)](https://www.xenonstack.com/hs-fs/hubfs/usecase-banner%20(1).webp?width=1921&height=622&name=usecase-banner%20(1).webp) [Enterprise Data Management](https://www.xenonstack.com/insights/tag/enterprise-data-management) # Google Protocol Buffer - Serializing Structured Data [Chandan Gaur](https://www.xenonstack.com/insights/author/chandan-gaur) | 03 November 2021 ![](https://www.xenonstack.com/hs-fs/hubfs/google-protocol-buffers-xenonstack.png?width=1280&height=720&name=google-protocol-buffers-xenonstack.png) ## **What are Protocol Buffers?** Protocol buffers language-neutral, platform-neutral extensible mechanism for serializing structured data over the network, think XML but faster, smaller and more straightforward. Google develops it for its internal server to server communication. You define how your data will be structured, and all data structures definition will be saved in the .proto file. Read and write structured data with a variety of data streams and a variety of languages. You can modernize your schemas without making changes to deployed programs that are compiled against the traditional schema. A quick summary before we started with the details - - Developed by google - Cross-platform software - Mostly used for internal protocols > Real-Time Big Data Analytics Services for Enterprises includes below services for enabling real-time decision making, clickstream analytics, fraud detection, Personalized User Experience and recommendations Explore Our Services, [**Streaming and Real-Time Analytics solutions**](https://www.xenonstack.com/services/real-time-analytics/) ## **Why we need Protobuf?** [JSON](https://www.json.org/) has many benefits as an information exchange format- it is human intelligible, understandable and typically performs great. It also has its issues. Where browsers and java scripts are not using the data directly - particularly in the case of internal communication services protocol buffers are the best choice over JSON for encoding data. It is a binary encoding format that permits you to define your schema for your data with a stipulation language. The Protocol Buffers stipulation is performed in different languages: Java, C, Go, etc. are all supported, and most modern languages have a practical implementation. - .proto file - Python library - C++ library - Java library Also, Read [The Ultimate Guide to Apache Pulsar – The Stream Processing Platform](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/the-ultimate-guide-to-apache-pulsar/) ## **How to Define Protocol Format?** •  **Types**  - Protobuf supports several common types that can be mapped to native language types. This includes multiple variations of integers, floating-point numbers, strings and Booleans Fields can be repeated to represent lists. Messages can also be nested.  •  **Number**  - Each protobuf field has an arbitrary number assigned to it. This number is used to identify the field in the binary format and should be unique for the message.  •  **Name**  - The field name is purely to improve readability and in code generation. It is not used in the serialized protobuf messages  `syntax = "proto3"; ` `package tutorial; ` `message Person { ` `required string name = 1; required int32 id = 2; optional string email = 3; ` `enum PhoneType { ` `MOBILE = 0; HOME = 1; WORK = 2; } ` `message PhoneNumber { ` `required string number = 1; optional PhoneType type = 2 [default = HOME]; } ` `repeated PhoneNumber phones = 4; } message AddressBook { ` `repeated Person people = 1; }` Each field must be expounded with one of the following transformers:  • Required  • Optional  • Repeated  ## **How does Google Protocol Buffers work?** Define the schema for data, and we need to start with. Proto file adds a message to each data structure for serializing them then add name and type for all field in the news. The syntax is similar to c++ or java. Let's go through the program and see what it does. It starts with the declaration, which helps to stop conflicts between different projects. the definition in your .proto file will not affect the generated code. Next, you have your message definitions. A message contains all sets of typed fields. Standard data types are available as field type you can choose according to a requirement including bool, int32, string float, double, etc. we can define nested type messages. The "= 1", "= 2" markers on all fields are a unique identifier that is used by the binary encoding. Tag between 1- 15 requires one or less byte to encode than a higher number.  Go services Go API 000000 11111111 000000000  11111111 00000 1111110 00001111 000000 11111  NodeJS Server JS Server JS  Objects  JSON Client  CALLS  CALLS  TRANSMITTED OVER THE WIRE  SERIALISES  DE-SERIALISES  SERIALIZE  TRANSMITTED  • Define message formats in a .proto file.  • Use the protocol buffer compiler.  • Use the Python/java protocol buffer API to write and read messages  ## **Who Should use Google protocol Buffers?** ### Don't use it if • A browser consumes data from service.  • Largely JavaScript Architecture.  • Large Packet Sizes.  • Young Start-up.  ### Worth looking into if • NodeJS server is talking to native android apps.  • Micro-service architecture spanning multiple languages.  • High data throughput.  ## **What are the Advantages of Protobuf?** - Lightweight  - Takes up less Space - Faster transmission - Validation of data structure - Easy to modify the schema ## **Performance Benchmarks** ### **Benchmarking JSON (baseline)** Running object encoding benchmark. Encoded 1000000 objects in 3207 ms (311818 enc/s)  Running object decoding benchmark. Decoded 1000000 objects in 2659 ms (376081 Dec/s)  Running object encoding + decoding benchmark. Encoded + Decoded 1000000 objects in 6844 ms (146113 enc+dec/s)  ### **Benchmarking protocol-buffers** Running object encoding benchmark. Encoded 1000000 objects in 3816 ms (262055 enc/s)  Running object decoding benchmark. Decoded 1000000 objects in 1447 ms (691085 dec/s)  Running object encoding+decoding benchmark. Encoded+Decoded 1000000 objects in 4922 ms (203169 enc+dec/s)  ## **Limits of Protobuf** • Protobuf has a hard limit of 2 GB because it uses 32-bit signed arithmetic in many implementations.  • The default impose size limit is 64 MB. You can increase the size limit manually.  • We need to parse the entire message before use content.  • The entire message must fit into ram  • limit yourself to 1MB as a rule of thumb  ## **Conclusion** Google Protocol Buffers is not so simple as google likes to speak. That is one of the reasons why it is not that famous, let us find out what makes it so difficult. It also must pre-process from proto files to the sources of your programming language. The protocol generator produces a very impractical code, and it's too hard to debug it. Protobuf is hard to develop. 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Approvals and sourcing decisions become faster and smarter - ![Visibility Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/visibility.svg)Real-time visibility into spend and commitments - ![Anomaly Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/anomaly.svg)Anomaly detection on invoices and vendor performance - ![Workflow Icon](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/workflow.svg)Intelligent workflows for approvals and sourcing decisions [Optimize Finance & Procurement](https://www.xenonify.ai/) ![agentic-finance-and-procurement](https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/responsible-ai-aviators-banner-illustration.svg) ```json { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "BlogPosting", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Chandan Gaur", "url" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/insights/author/chandan-gaur" }, "dateModified" : "2021-11-03T12:03:42.727Z", "datePublished" : "2020-04-24T18:30:00.000Z", "headline" : "Google Protocol Buffer - Serializing Structured Data", "image" : [ "https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/google-protocol-buffers-xenonstack.png" ], "mainEntityOfPage" : { "@id" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/insights/google-protocol-buffer/", "@type" : "WebPage" }, "publisher" : { "@type" : "Organization", "logo" : { "@type" : "ImageObject", "url" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/hubfs/Xenonstack-Serives%20-3-2-2021-10.png" }, "name" : "Xenonstack Inc" } } ``` ```json { "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "Organization", "address" : { "@type" : "PostalAddress", "addressCountry" : "USA", "addressLocality" : "Plano", "addressRegion" : "Texas", "postalCode" : "75024", "streetAddress" : "7700 Windrose Ave. " }, "description" : "XenonStack is the #1 Data and AI foundry and technology services company to simplify and scale Enterprise and Generative AI Journeys.", "email" : "business@xenonstack.com", "logo" : "https://f.hubspotusercontent30.net/hubfs/8161231/Xenonstack-Serives%20-3-2-2021-10.png", "mainEntityOfPage" : { "@id" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/insights/google-protocol-buffer/", "@type" : "WebPage", "description" : "Google Protocol buffers serializes structured data. Read Overview | Usage | Performance Benchmarks | Working | Limitation and more." }, "name" : "XenonStack", "sameAs" : [ "https://www.facebook.com/XenonStack", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/xenonstack/", "https://www.youtube.com/c/XenonStackOfficial", "https://twitter.com/xenonstack" ], "telephone" : "", "url" : "https://www.xenonstack.com/" } ```